Governments have a wide range of duties that are essential for maintaining a stable, thriving society. One of the most fundamental roles is to ensure law and order by establishing police forces, judicial systems, and defense organizations to protect citizens and uphold the rule of law[1]. Another core duty involves providing public services such as education, healthcare, infrastructure, and social welfare to promote the well-being of all members of society[2].
Governments are also responsible for making and enforcing laws that regulate societal conduct, commerce, and relationships both domestically and internationally[3]. Economic responsibilities include managing public resources, implementing fair trade policies, overseeing monetary systems, and supporting economic development[1].
Environmental protection and the management of externalities—such as pollution or resource depletion—also fall under government duties, often requiring regulations and interventions to address market failures or collective action problems[3].
Additionally, in representative democracies, governments safeguard individual rights and promote the general welfare by balancing personal freedoms with collective needs[8]. Transparent and effective governance is expected to serve the best interests of citizens, ensuring participation, accountability, and the protection of fundamental rights[2].
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